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| slogan = Campaign, Conserve, Connect | homepage = }} Dartmoor Preservation Association (DPA) is one of the oldest environmental or amenity bodies in the UK, founded in 1883.〔Kelly, M. ''"Quartz and Feldspar. Dartmoor: A British Landscape in Modern Times"'', Jonathan Cape, London, 2015, ISBN 9780224091138〕 It concerns itself with Dartmoor, a National Park in Devon, south-west England. Originally there were two main areas of concern. Firstly, commoners’ rights were being eroded through army use, including the firing of live artillery shells, and piecemeal enclosure of land around the margins.〔Moore, Stuart A. ''A short history of the rights of common upon the Forest of Dartmoor and the commons of Devon''. Dartmoor Preservation Association, Plymouth, 1890. ISBN 0950138649.〕 Secondly, there was increasing public interest in Dartmoor’s scenery, archaeology, history and wildlife〔Somers Cocks, J. ''A Dartmoor Century 1883-1983: One hundred years of the Dartmoor Preservation Association''. Dartmoor Preservation Association. Yelverton, Devon, 1983. ISBN 0950138649.〕 The DPA has opposed what it considered to be unsuitable developments on Dartmoor throughout its history. In its founding year, the secretary, Robert Burnard persuaded the War Department not to fire on the Okehampton Firing Range on Saturdays to allow access to the public. Many battles have been fought since, particularly against the military presence and the proposed building of reservoirs on the moor, notably under the Chairmanship of Lady Sayer, granddaughter of Robert Burnard. The DPA continues to follow the same objectives as when it was founded. For example, in June 2015, it supported the inhabitants of Widecombe-in-the-Moor against the erecting of a telecommunications mast in an area of pristine countryside against the wishes of the local population. Dartmoor Preservation Association is a registered charity, Number 215665.〔() ''"Charity Commission Register - Dartmoor Preservation Association"''〕 ==Background== Dartmoor is said to be one of the last remaining areas of wilderness in Britain,〔Steen, Anthony. 2003, Hansard ("Dartmoor National Park (Military Exercises)" ) HC Deb 15 October 2003 vol 411 cc129-36WH〕 but it has been a managed landscape since the late Neolithic (3,000-2,500 BCE). The Bronze Age inhabitants (from 2,500 to 750 BCE) cleared ancient forest and developed farming. They made extensive use of surface moorstone in the construction of roundhouses (their remains now seen as "hut circles"), enclosures, land-dividing reaves, stone rows, stone circles, menhirs and kistvaens.〔Butler, Jeremy. ''Dartmoor Atlas of Antiquities: Vol.1 – The East''. Devon Books, Kingkerswell, Devon. 1991. p.5. ISBN 0861148665.〕 Farming has continued through the Medieval period to the present day,〔("Medieval Dartmoor" - Dartmoor National Park Authority website )〕 but a more disruptive activity to the landscape was the appearance of tin-mining, firstly by stream-working, then by lode-working and finally by underground mining.〔Newman, Phil. ''The Dartmoor Tin Industry: A Field Guide''. Newton Abbot, Devon. 1968. ISBN 0953270807.〕 〔 〔Greeves, Tom. ''Tin Mines and Miners of Dartmoor: A Photographic Record''. Devon Books, Kingkerswell, Devon, 1986. p.21. ISBN 9780861147663.〕 Many valleys have been dug over and scarred, leaving a rich industrial archaeology.〔Harris, Helen. ''Industrial Archaeology of Dartmoor''. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, Devon. 1968. ISBN 0715343025.〕 Other activities such as newtake wall building,〔("Dartmoor Newtakes" - Legendary Dartmoor website )〕 peat cutting, rabbit warrening, quarrying, clay extraction and the building of a prominent prison have all left marks on the moor.〔Crossing, William. ''Crossing’s Dartmoor Worker''. 2nd Edn. Peninsula Press, Newton Abbot, Devon. 1992. p.48. ISBN 1872640206〕 Recent undertakings have left more obvious changes: the building of reservoirs and the planting of conifer forests.〔Somers Cocks, John. "Exploitation". In ''Dartmoor: A New Study''. Editor Crispin Gill. David & Charles, Newton Abbot Devon, 1970. ISBN 0715350412.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dartmoor Preservation Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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